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THE URBAN AREA OF OUJDA

1. Problems and potentials of development

Of the urban area? Oujda is a project leading engine since? It is the largest urban concentration of the 8th Rgion and human agglomration the country. Oujda is the city par excellence frontalire whose? Volution Has always conditioned by that location. As a result, the city has experienced a deep crisis that affects all sectors of economic life and socio-cultural since the closure of borders with? Algeria in 1994.

Accordingly, this area urgently need? Oprations d? Amnagement d? Any appropriate scale, such as the relaunch? Conomie, allowing him to regain the momentum d? Past and hence, d? assume his duties as mtropole rgionale of hub maghrbine and space of investment and production comptitif within the national context, maghrbin and mditerran en.

1.1. Perspectives dmographiques (2000-2025)

L? Space projects? Oujda basically rgionale the capital, with an area priphrique nature more or less rural, o merge only the small town of Bni Drar, near l? Angad of airports. Currently, the nine-tenth of the population of this area of the projects are concentrated in the City of Oujda. The urban population of the area can only reinforce gradually l? Toffe in the number of residents of mtropole Zirid, a ct par l? Growing increasingly tangible Drar Bni and l? emergence of smaller suburban centers, which seem to be salient for both dcennies come, those of An SFA, Bni Khaled Boulanouarand Sidi Moussa Lamhaya.

The urban population of this area of the projects should exceed 630,000 residents by 2025, including 8,000 10,000 persons residing in the small suburb of Mergent and fifteen thousand in the town of Bni Drar.


Dmographiques forecasts of space components of
Zone d'Oujda up? in 2025 (number of population)

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* Currently agglomrations considered as rural, but prconiss as centers for the future SDAR.
Source : Elaboration Edesa


With this evolution of the expected? Population size, the space of projects? Oujda dmographique its weight will increase significantly in the Rgion? S Oriental, from 23.7% in 2000 prs of 25.1% in 2010 and around 26.4% in 2025.

THE bulk of this mass dmographique, over 96% residing in the city (including 93% prs Oujda mme), against 90% today's and the rest inhabit the space suburban (centers and rural areas).

The only City of Oujda will continue? House a quarter of the total population of l? Oriental; situation srieusement must be taken into account by the strategy of development rgionale et d? Am ment, particularly in critical areas? s employment, housing and social services, in the Whereas rgional level functions that must continue agglomration complete.

1.2. Problmes dominant

1.2.1. THE drinking water

The available water resources prs of the city are only underground. We can mention the following three layers, each of which suffers from specific problems:

slick Jbel Hamra, located immediately south of the city, indeed, long the object from a overexploitation of many that exceeds its rate of recharge and l? apport de l? rainwater flow. Pizomtrique the level fell by more than three mtres during the two dernires dcennies;
the water table in the plain of Bouhria, located northwest of the city, is also the object of a surprlvement Inquit;
the water table in the plain of Angad, which is relatively dirty and partially polluted.

The current situation is caractrise, therefore, a tangible dficit d in the field? Drinking water both for Oujda or for pri-urban centers, which is, of surcro t, compounded by the low performance of networks? supply and distribution. Thus, not only the resource is available rarfie, but it is the object of loss coteuses very, very strongly prjudiciables to the development of the city and its area.

These critical problems and mobilization? Supply of water is further aggravated by? Aridification climate ngatives and its impact on local water reserves. The amount of rain that does dpassent rarely 200mm per year.

In other words, l? Water from local resources or close to large urban agglomration no longer be adequately met Dornava, d? O the need to use of distant sources. The big project? AEPI from water dam Machraa Hammadi comes time to save a situation more and more critical, however, if the charged de l? Oued Za to maintain a sufficient level and that d? other requests will not compete l? supply cities with drinking water, which could be felt on the water allocation of capital rgionale reserved.

1.2.2. L? And habitat? Planning

Commercial activities lies the borders are a powerful factor d? Attracting rural populations surrounding both to and from Oujda Drar Bni. They feed the recital? Informal economy. The development of this sector has l? Ventail urban activities. THE rate of evolution? Rgional urbanization level confirms this trend. Thus, having regard? Increased demand d? Habitat, and given the socio-economic characteristics of its population, the urban fabric of the City of Oujda s? Tends l? Horizontal to DPEN of sometimes farmland quality.

S? Adds that the problem pineux and tenacious? S illegal and unsafe housing. We can identify, through the? Agglomration d'Oujda, more from a hundred? Size entities Ingal covering PRSD? A thousand of hectares and houses more than 200,000 individuals c ? is - say prs of half the population of the city! The rsorption and restructuring of these forms of sub-habitat required huge efforts, the mobilization of standards and a strong desire on the part of officials and regional and local managers. Dpendent this, in large part, the characterization of the space urban d? Oujda by the normalization of its urban fabric andl? improvement of its environment.

The issue of rhabilitation of Mdina is no less important, d'autant plus que cette entity occupies the heart of l? Agglomration and performs functions of first order (for further analysis problmatique this, review the chapter on the cultural factor in the Rgion in first part, section 8.2.1).

Agglomrations small suburban voluent of spontane manire strong dsordonne, including the city of Bni Drar who? Tends to share and others of the National 17, suffering? a sub-equipment and the blatant? lack of urban functions well determine if we exclude the role of distribution of contraband fuel, made from? Algeria, which is performed in unsafe conditions ( inappropriate storage within the fabric rsidentiel, illegal and uncontrolled distribution, diffuse pollution).

1.2.3. The problems of traffic

THE mentally EXAGRES of the city and the existence of physical (ravines), or techniques (iron way), pose acute problems particulirement movement. The city? Tense fawn incontrle at mpris recommendations of the Director of schma? And amnagement? Planning (SDAU) and standards that? Requires a plan movement.

Location spontane malls in the heart of the city increases the phnomnes d? ARTRES congestion and complicates the problem of dplacement, d? Fact that there is a lack flagrante d? parking areas and that? much of interurban traffic passes through the city. The dblocage of the situation requires a restructuring of the entire network of the movement? Intrieur and around the city, on the basis from a very technical study labore.

1.2.4. THE sanitation

A l? Like other large Moroccan cities, the City of Oujda suffers the problem no less pineux? S sanitation and solid.

THE sanitation liquid caractrise by two major problems. The first concerns the collection network which is again in several neighborhoods, a ct and installed in much of entitsd? Slum, including Mdina, l? other. The second problem residing in the need for sewage treatment prior to evacuation in? Isly wadi, which seriously affects the water of Angad, or the raffecter agricultural uses or others. It should also resolve the problem of infiltration that occur in fields of? Pandage water uses.

As l? Sanitation solid, we must highlight the situation of the discharge proccupante public located southeast of the city and ncessite measures particulirement for that? It becomes really OPERATING and sre.

A s this? Add the problems related? Sanitation in this area:

Water uses are no dversent treatment in Ouad Bounam in passing over 7.5 km of journey, before joining the? Algeria. It nfastes consequences resulting from the natural environment and pollution of groundwater resources;

The network of transport and water collection uses many connata? Shortfalls due to choking or collectors, they vtust or under-sizing the dpart, causing d bordaient important in case of heavy rain;

Flooding neighborhoods and taxiways because of the water runoff priode heavy rain, particularly in South and l? Est d'Oujda, because of the existence of relief in these bordering areas.

1.2.5. Informal trade

Phnomnes plthorique and pervasive, parallel trade disrupts virtually every sector of the city, especially inner city o prolifrent of spontaneous markets, producing quantities of standards of dtritus and dchets (plastics, papers? packaging, ropes), and causing heavy traffic, without any organization, in addition to parasites, de l? inscurit of the d linquance, the mendicant omniprsente?. The phnomnes also takes more and more? Extent in the small town suburban Bni Drar, o smuggling ptrolire s? Also adds that the foods and d? equipment.

Several forms of parallel trade exists Oujda. We can be broken into two major categories:

Smuggling by infiltrationqui is practiced by people of residents prs borders. These take advantage of their deep knowledge of the terrain and rural roads. They usually have many places of deposits (including Drar Bni) and fuel marchsd? Oujda fuel, material and other agricultural produitsde consumption, all from empty d? Algeria through channels o neighborly relations and strong alumni relations, the two cents of the borders, play a determining role.

The smuggling is done by professionnellequi wholesale smugglers, Moroccan and algriens, networks that have well-structured and spatially extended. This form relates to products much more diversified in much larger quantities.

In this sense, it should carry out actions to reduce the negative impact of smuggling, including one could emphasize the following:

strong competition from industrial production, as well as national rgionale;
the flight of local capital to d? other and to other regions? tranger;
the transition from a large quantity of dirhams to Mlilia and? Algeria;
the closure of most stations distribution of fuel;
the risk of? explosion of multiple deposits illegal storage of fuel smuggling, dissmins in the district? habitat.

1.3. The advantages of economic development and socio-cultural context from a capital rgionale

In dpit multiple factors ngatifs exposed above and obstacles of all kinds that? They entranent, l? Space projects? Oujda is an area relatively privileges in relation to the possibility s development, as n? yrunissent a number of? complementary strengths, among which we highlight the most important:

Dmographique weight, since the residing and residing a quarter of the population rgionale. This makes the consumer market the largest in the Rgion, which amply justifies the installation in situ, a large number of Administration, of activities of production and services. It? Acts of a diversified market from a variety of Customer dotes of a power purchase ngligeable not, because from a strong monetary mass apprciable.

L? There? Basic equipment, with the representation of virtually all central governments, public and large tables socitsd? State as well as the? Military administration. This concentration of technical and administrative institutions as well as FINANCIAL forums rgionales read, is likely facilitate concrtisation SDAR projects, in addition to their role often determine the level of consumption directly and indirectly in several areas of trade and services.

L? There? Infrastructures? Importance in the field of transport (railway, airports,?), L? Establishment of two industrial zones and the availability of a wide distribution network d? electrical energy.

THE TOFF commercial enough that it can spread through much of the Rgion (especially in its central and mridionales) and even nationally, ensuring the collection and distribution of products, but major difficulties.

The availability of human resources, with l? Universit large schools and vocational training institutions including the number of forms or in training can not cease? Increase, perhaps even of s? Improve in qualit.

Cultural heritage and urban planning from a city 1000 years old and offers tourist ngligeables and frankly not promising condition? Ensure rhabilitation adquate and upgrading.

The geographical situation of the city it confres a strategic INtRT first, which justifies the need for governments, d? Care and ? into a modern city, called playing the role of hub in maghrbin, ds if market conditions allow (for overcoming obstacles to a lasting understanding with? Algeria ), as well as a need? change in mditerranen.

The city profit of a country in arrire-relief plan that represents the plain of Angad, whose production possibilities marachre could otherwise be developed, if the availability s d water? irrigation are offered (marachage, plantations fruitires, lifting milk, poultry).

The city offers a loisirsreprsente area by the magnificent heights of Bni Znassene horst and those of relatives, and the coastline of Sadia balnaire which is that A sixty kilomtres.

Oujda profit also of a great stock sentimental and symbolic to the people of Rgion for the bulk of which it represents the city and the capital of the whole wing eastern Morocco and one of the strongest assets to guarantee? and unit? intgrit.

2. actions and development projects

Strategic choices to be made for this space empty projects must take into account its fundamental problems and have full awareness of its own potential, in? Optical Oujda allow to rise forefront of major Moroccan and mtropoles regional and to empower them to disseminate through a region moderni huge d? vital strategic importance.

Actions that are undertaken within this area projects rpondent this strategy and are consistent with actions by the SDAR prconises in the rest of the space rgional.

2.1. THE drinking water

In l? Current state of things, the water needs of the only agglomration d'Oujda is around 900 liters per second on average and close to 1200 liters / second at peak charged. Based on the current level of consumption, the average needs will be? S order of 1260 liters / second with 1650 to 2020 liters / second at peak charged.

This as the needs of economic development and social prconis by SDAR implies a significantly higher lev to rpondre to amnagement important to be involved in the areas of? Industry and Tourism in particular, that s? add l? lvation of domestic consumption, the result? wants to improve the living standards of the population.

These standards and growing needs of the capital rgionale should be added those who apparatront at Bni Drar and small urban communities within the space projects, as well as rural suburban .

The production of the water drinking is certainly part of the groundwater resources located in the suburbs d'Oujda. However, these layers have a lower level due overfishing continues. It should be ProCD l? Allgement progressive? S exploitation of these resources ds commissioning of the project? Water from dam Machraa Hammadi. Work in this project have recently d beginning and will s? Completed in late 2004. Therefore let happen to replenish groundwater reserves as strategic long-term deal for unexpected needs.

Projects and actions identified in this domain are:

provide the City of Oujda in drinking water from the dam Machraa Hammadi (700 l / s). The cost of the project, excutive under the cooperation with Japan, is 750 million Dh. The work of this project will take to end December 2004;
Establish a contract between the RADEEO and? ONEP in the distribution of water, and this falls within the preceding project, in order? Improve this service;
implement a Master Plan of Distribution d'Eau Potable for the City of Oujda (the horizon of 2015);
concd distribution management of the water drinking Oujda in the private sector? with what s? pass or is being done in other major urban agglomrations country, ensuring follow the best examples Russis;
amnagement sources "l? oasis" city of Sidi Yahya in order to rhabiliter this green space and d? in revitalizing the area of leisure and dtente;
amnagement wells and springs and boreholes generalize to feed the populations of suburban municipalities;
amnagement points of water for the common Labar, Sidi Boulanouar, Ahl Angad, Bni Khaled Sidi Moussa Lamhaya, and An Isly sfa;
standardize administrative dcoupages between the DPA and the HRD.

2.2. THE sanitation

The action in this field are manifold. The most prominent are:

delegation of the management of? solid sanitation of the City of Oujda in the private sector. The project partners are: COU, L? Agency North spcialises and corporations in this field;
treatment of solid dchets d'Oujda;
ramnagement discharge of that public? she can rpondre applicable standards in this sphere and rorganisation circuit mnagres waste collection and industrial as well as d waste trade, with amnagement points of discharge;
eralization from a water treatment plant uses;
amnagement beds and wadis Isly Nachef to protect the city against the risk of? flood;
rtention rainwater for use for? irrigation;
treatment and water uses rutilisation d'Oujda needs for d? watering or D? irrigation (Plaine des Angad).

To cope with Different consequences of non matrise de l? Sanitation in urban d? Oujda, it is from a large ncessit to take certain measures in the short and medium term, as prconis the map? of Sanitation? agglomration d'Oujda (ADI June 2000).

Measures of emergency:

It? Acts of resolve, short term, the problems that hamper the smooth functioning of the system? Sanitation, via the attainment of the following:

d curage collectors? framework,
removal of tranglements on the network,
replacement of C6 that part of the northern districts to the scope of? pandage,
cleaning all rservoirs,
recovery-against losses,
DGIG glances, their rhabilitation and ramnagement,
conservation and protection of the surroundings by removing d? pandages and branch d? water uses on the upland,
gnralisation the collection of solid dchets with campaign awareness on cleanliness and safeguarding the network.

Measures short and medium term:

connecting neighborhoods not yet connections to network,
dlestage stormwater
replacement and enhancement of collectors,
sanitation areas priphriques live,
installation? interceptors water uses,
lift stations,
Prior treatment lagooning City Water,
secondary treatment of sewage.

2.3. Infrastructure

Ralisations The following are key actions in the field of? Infrastructure:

improvement of the railway line from Oujda Fs-l? ONCF (current estimated cost of Dh 121 million);
construction of the motorway Fs-Oujda, 340 km long (over 2005-2010), allowing the regional development and national l? improve services and the security Routi re, while reinforcing when the situation allows, the flow? exchange between the Maghreb countries. The participants in the attainment of the project? Diffrents ADM and donors;
Broadening and strengthening of a tronon of 26.5 km of the PR 6017, Bni linking Drar An SFA. The goal of this project is to? Improve service levels and security routire between these two locations;
INSTALLING A shuttle between? and airports of Oujda Angad;
schma director of CU roads d'Oujda and work to see common urbainesqui it up, with the liberalization from a circular ring around the mtropole rgionale;
amnagement and expansion of the National 2 Midar linking Oujda;
development and expansion of the National 17 linking Oujda Figuig, which will facilitate communication about? important structuring axis south-north;
eralization of the National 2 ddouble (2x2 lanes) between Oujda and Cassita;
Strengthening the National 6 and linking Oujda Taza;
amnagement and strengthening of rural roads.

In the field of transport, it is necessary to realize as early as possible, l? Study of Schma Director of Traffic and d? Amnagement junctions of the City of Oujda. Similarly that? It is necessary to generalize the construction project from a secondary station routire on route d? Ahfir.

2.4. THE town and l? Habitat

Here, standards are required. It? Was primarily the following projects:

Updating the SDAU d'Oujda (a very urgent and very important);
Achvement of the restructuring of neighborhoods? Regulatory housing. The participants in these actions are Different: The Inspection of Rgionale? Amnagement Territory (IRAT), l? Urban Agency, local authorities, the Conservation of ownership foncire and Cadastre, RADEEO, etc;
Plans? Amnagement and common development of different suburbs.
In addition, the towns of rural communities should have, at the tt, of their plans? Amnagement order? Guide l? And extension? Ensure development.

The liberalization of the Plan? Amnagement and Rhabilitation of Mdina d'Oujda s? Requires to restructure this historical center and the? Intgrer well in the urban fabric, allowing it to fulfill its duties? area, restaurants and social order first. These actions must be strengthened by:

l? amnagement d? green spaces in the city;
l? amnagement from a suburban area rcrative;
of the rhabilitation? oasis of Sidi Yahia.

The partners involved in these shares? Amnagement are l? IRAT, l? ERAC, l? ANHI, municipalities, local authorities, services extrieurs of Ministers.

Furthermore, it is necessary to realize the schma d? And amnagement? New urban areas (as Isly project in the context of the fight against? Slum).

To allow a better mobilization of land for building, it is necessary to implement the system? S collective registration and encourage spcialisation of strategies of different stakeholders in the programs of subdivision and construction, particularly for l? housing.

It is also essential to realize the greatest number of subdivisions the destinies? Economic and social housing, while ensuring the promotion of? Vertical habitat to minimize the consumption of space (to avoid excessive of farmland) areas and reserves the necessary equipment to public and green spaces.

A mtropole rgionale the size d? Oujda, surcrot of having that location frontalire, calls the work of restructuring and d? Beautification of the center to make it both functional and attractive.

2.5. Social sectors

2.5.1. THE education and training

D in the field? Superior education, in addition to the usual programs be adopted by the (S) Minister (s) concerned), the SDAR prconise following projects:

L? Toffe and diversification of training provided by l? Université Mohamed 1er, opening at the earliest periods, the Faculty of Oujda Mdecine, because of the? Loignement of the city and its Rgion compared to larger hospitals in the country, a ct and weight of dmographique? Oriental, of others. The implementation of this option should be conducted with progressive manner? Hpital Al Farabi amnagement which could be in hospital to consolidate the training of future mdecins;

Creation from a superior School of Commerce and Management is justified by the importation of? Activity and the commercial tradition of the city in order to prparer future managers who will assume the management of business and the realization of projects;

Creation from a School of Arts and superior Mtiers (ESAM) for training young technicians in different mtiers technical and support small and medium industries that form the infant? Main backbone of the future fabric Industrial mtropole the rgionale;

Creation from a training institution of administrative and managerial destinies integrate public and animate the various entities of the administrative regions, which are distinguished by a number of particulari s the result of the strategic position? Oriental.

THE teaching should be east towards? Equipment small suburban centers with tables? S primary and secondary order? Allger pressure Oujda and its table? Education and training , d'une part, and encourage rtention of people in their communes, d'autre part.

For vocational training, it is necessary to enhance the training of technicians and technical levels spcialiss to bring the disposal of businesses, hand-d? Uvre well described. Private vocational training is again develop in the region should be encouraged by governments, particularly in filires which are not provided by the institutions cinoma.

The creation of a Congress in collaboration with troit? Universit who should become the ankle ouvrire, in partnership with professional bodies, the Wilaya and IRC.

2.5.2. Health

Several projects can be caused in this area, taking into account the needs from a growing massedmographique in mtropole and in the whole entire Rgion. Be called primarily the following tables:

Center of expertise in the biological health
Center for Functional and rducation? Orthopdiepour disabilities, this project may have a dual purpose:

Improvement of care for physical disabilities of the Rgion? Oriental,
Manufacturing and assembling prothses.
The realization of this project should be started in the shortest periods, d? As the financing of the project is already ruling.

Centers in areas spcialiss pointed (oncology, cardiology, psychiatry, etc.) to avoid the disease? Make dplacements coteux and pnibles to distant cities equipped such centers (F s, especially Casablanca and Rabat).

At a more local level it is necessary to provide the main components of the city of houses? Childbirth and family planning centers properly quips, while allowing centers priphriques d? In galement bnficier order to regulate the populations of the suburbs.

2.5.3. Culture

Oujda record in this area notorious for its lack dficit in establishments and institutions to enhance and revitalize its artistic heritage and civilization particular that it conferred its geographical location in an area of maghrbin transition and in an area formerly dominant pastoral culture and its history of City of tape and the crossroads between several cultural areas both Moroccan and Turkish algrienne.

In order to give all the necessary dimension this important aspect of social life, the City of Oujda should house the Maison de la Culture de l? Oriental institution that? It will install in Mdina to enhance the status of the urban component, dchue, the urban fabric. Similarly, millnaire the city should organize its annual Cultural and Tourism Festival to vidence in its heritage and its potential, as well as its Rgion (diversit folklore rgional , production, festival of Al Tarab Gharnata, etc).

The attractiveness of the city and its cultural and tourism also gain a lot if there l? Muses amnagement of high quality to enhance the artistic heritage archologique, anthropological rgional strong diversification.

A final cause remains on the creation of a park? Rgional attraction, with various venues, in order? Lead a big city distractions are o polarises by places strong mdiocres (CAFS, bars, lounges, cinma misreux,?).

2.6. Economic sectors

2.6.1. L? Industry

In this area, it is necessary to the ProCD:

Requalification of two industrial zones d'Al Boustane and Maghnia road, the provision of necessary equipment, in accordance with standards required by the draconian impractical Upgrade;

Eralization from a technopole binds? Airports d? Angad and pushes the center of Bni Drar, which it will inject the necessary dynamism (lots available to save? Moroccan investors trangers and, of equipment? accompanying TIR park and multi-station, banks, insurance, management center, showroom, offices, conferences hall, health center). The development of this technology ncessite a troit coordination with the IRC, for all dmarches administrative and partnership agreements with technopoles trangres and institutions of national and European training.

2.6.2. L? Crafts

At this level, the following projects are proposs:

Cration amnagement and from a zone of activities for different versatile body mtiers craft, whose choice will ax on functional criteria and objectives, and in conjunction with the sp features of the city and its Rgion.

This area of activities will be MRIT revive handicrafts losing momentum and some branches have practically disappeared. It? The acts of a recital since asset? Create it? S employment and help promote local tourism and rgional. A site identification adj t prs Oued Isly in the urban municipality of Sidi Driss Al Qadi.

In the same vein, it is necessary d? Enrich the fields of craft? Oujda par l? Introduction and promotion of new crneaux. In this context, the urban commune of Sidi Ziane foresees the installation of a project intgr for the training and development d'artisans, new filires craft.

It is also considering setting up a pilot village d'artisans in the City of Oujda and launch promotional campaigns for? Utility craft and art.

2.7. The projects in the suburbs d'Oujda

L? Agglomration d'Oujda, strong current of almost 410,000 over my front and exceed 600,000 by the end of the next two dcennies constitutes a vast market for horticultural products marachers, of a ct and a dynamic element to the development from a modern and intensive agriculture in the suburbs of the others.

This prospect is enhanced by several factors:

the existence from a plain which reoit of prcipitations not ngligeables in normal years;
l? plate is cleaned foncire for? essential to the extent the majority of the land is registered, including those known agricultural settlement;
several land owners Oujda residents;
holdings are generally relatively large;
the availability of capital? likely different origins? mobiliss and be invested in agriculture, in addition to the existence of opportunities for agricultural appropriations (CNCA);
l? technical support is available because of the presence of technical services at all levels Oujda said.

Enhancement of this suburb remains Nevertheless, in large part, dependent on the possibility of having the waters? Irrigation with sufficient quantity and quality required.

Order? Exploit these assets wisely, it is necessary to realize projects approprisdans areas? S agriculture, de l? Lifting and services.

2.7.1. Agriculture equipment and d? Irrigation

Indeed, l? Rvolutionnerait irrigation landscapes and production systems in the plain of Angad, which is l? Foncire base d'Oujda. This would ProCD a number of? Complementary actions, including the following are essential:

Rcupration uses water after their treatment for the purpose of rutiliser? Irrigation;
rcupration and storage of runoff from the wadis vhicules upstream;
program to modernize the agricultural sector with distribution of plants (olive and almond). The project partners are associations of farmers, the DPA, local authorities and l? Promotion Agency and Economic and Social development Provinces and Prfectures North;
program? pierrage of a thousand hectares in the municipalities of? Ahl Angad, Isly, Labar, and Bni Khaled An SFA, with l? support of the DPA and associations? farmers;
restoration work and rhabilitation of Saguia in small primtres irrigus like An SFA and Sidi Moussa in particular;
ization of a major reforestation program, with planting? almond on several hundred acres, on the whole of rural communes in the suburbs d'Oujda;
amnagement points of water in equipment and material for the pump? irrigation;
optimization of cultivation techniques by? framework of farmers throughout the growing season;
promotion techniques? irrigation locates;
improvement of the quality of agricultural land through fertilizer and good soil, to meet their dgradation emphasizes;
restructuring of farms for the proper management of material in order? to reduce operating expenses and? increase profitability;
amnagement places to maintain the trail? balance between the activities and culture? lifting.

2.7.2. Livestock

The development and modernization of? Lifting suburbs will s? Press:

the development of? lifting dairy barn;
the recruitment of qualified personnel (engineers and Veterinary) in unitsd? existing feedlot.
the development of? poultry and rabbit breeding;
the development of? production units? s feed btail.
modernization of meat;

In sum, the goal is essential to move from a globally extensive agriculture, sometimes archaque in places, to a genuine suburban agriculture on the production line marachre intense on spculations highly profitable, as the flowers? with the development of a dairy and poultry levage capable of? supply a growing urban market. In this sense, l? Encouragement methods of cultivation under greenhouse is made necessary because of the strong diurnal amplitudes thermal contrasts that connate zone and l? Impractical to return l? eau d'irrigation manire optimal.

Conclusion

L space projects of the urban area? Oujda will be some 660,000 people in just over two dcennies. Thus, Oujda and urban centers of the neighboring house prs 1 / 3 of the total urban population of? Oriental.

This space project faces some Challenges its development, the most salient are as follows:

The rarfaction and low performance of networks? Supply and distribution of the resource of water use, causing great losses coteuses could cover half the quantities mobilizes, then that the local water resources and decrease drastically close;

THE urbanization and its effects are the major hazards on the surroundings both in the urban landscape dgradation by a chaotic and unsafe housing, that? Level of water pollution and land by the various releases of the city, which ncessite a drastic matrise and management of the urbanization;

Of the problem? Oujda sanitation remains strong resolve of urgent and appropriate manner;

L? EXAGRES horizontal extension of the City of Oujda DPEN to agricultural land;

The problem of pineux? Habitat? Illegal?, Which eats away the fabric on all sides and is a barrier of size l? Amnagement harmonious city Zirid;

The weight omniprsent from a parallel economy underpinned by a circuit highly aggressive smuggling. This recruiting activity, directly or indirectly, a large proportion of the population, men and women, youth and children, that? It? Acts rintgrer in? By the formal economy? Education, training and the revival of economic and social sectors concrtement holders;

The industrial sector also suffers from the fact that private initiatives bnficient in the first place? Real estate, from a hand, and lack of prfrentielles measures to attract investors in this city , given its location frontalire terminus, d? other.

To overcome these obstacles, the space projects of the urban area? Oujda should take advantage of its geographical situation plaant the doors of the Grand Maghreb, with the City of Oujda, the capital of? Oriental, with d? ngligeables infrastructure not even conqurir of markets as rgionaux that maghrbins. The industrial development must be aimed at diversifying into areas not yet developed Oujda where local demand and rgionale exists.

To get out of this area? Isolation continues to suffer, the projects of this space projects are:

Provide the City of Oujda in the skills necessary to reinforce its role in management et d? Supervision of Rgion;
Provide the City of Oujda of water drinking in sufficient quantities;
Provide the City of Oujda and the different cities and municipalities of documents d'urbanisme, together with measures for restructuring and standardization of neighborhoods? Housing regulatory;
Qualification Zones industrielleset cration from a technopole binds? Airports d'Oujda-Angad;
Expanding l? Universit including construction of a hospital and a Faculty of Oujda Mdecine;
Ensure? Supply of water for drinking the various municipalities in the area;
Realize a large reforestation program in the rural suburbs;
Cration from a zone? Activits versatile high-level (technology);
Construction of the motorway or Fs-Oujda motorway Levant.
Improvement of the railway line Oujda-Fs;
Intensified program? Lectrification rurale;

Lastly, to consolidate its role maghrbine and mditerranenne, it is highly desirable to create, together with the Maghreb countries and south of the Mditerrane, Institute d'Etudes Mditerranennes and Maghrbines Oujda.

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